Due to the expansion of fish farm cages in coastal waters of the Mediterranean Sea, several populations of common bottlenose dolphins ‘Tursiops truncatus’ come frequently in contact with these infrastructures. Some animals learned to take advantage of the new foraging opportunities provided by aquaculture facilities, where wild preys tend to be more concentrated and possibly easier to catch than in the surrounding environment. While this opportunistic behaviour is relatively well known, little information exists about the frequency and timing of feeding forays around coastal fish farms (hereafter, "farms"). As an attempt to bridge this gap, in the present thesis I investigated for the first time the occurrence and timing of dolphins visiting three aquaculture facilities (hereafter F1, F2 and F3) in the Gulf of Corinth (Greece) over three months (from the beginning of September to the end of November 2021) and I assessed the potential relationships between fish farm activities and dolphins’ sightings. Data were collected from two land-based vantage points situated above the three seabass and seabream farms. Dolphins which have been observed during ca. 40% of the days investigated, showed significant variations in their presence among the three farm sites, favouring F2, likely due to both natural and anthropogenic factors. Dolphins’ presence displayed significant daily variations, with higher occurrence during the afternoon than in the morning, and month-related changes (i.e. higher occurrence in October/November than in September). Multivariate models highlighted that, overall, sightings and number of dolphins were higher when farm activities occurred. This study emphasizes the potential of an inexpensive and non-invasive land-based research approach for dolphin monitoring, which could be easily replicated across coastal areas and aquaculture facilities. This research is also important for a better understanding of the ecology of the bottlenose dolphins in the light of the progressive expansion of the aquaculture sectors in the Mediterranean Sea.
A causa dell'espansione degli allevamenti ittici nelle acque costiere del Mar Mediterraneo, diverse popolazioni di tursiopi "Tursiops truncatus" entrano frequentemente in contatto con queste infrastrutture. Alcuni animali hanno imparato a sfruttare le nuove opportunità di foraggiamento offerte dagli impianti di acquacoltura, dove le prede selvatiche tendono ad essere più concentrate e più facili da catturare rispetto all'ambiente circostante. Sebbene questo comportamento opportunistico sia relativamente ben noto, esistono poche informazioni sulla frequenza e sui tempi delle incursioni di alimentazione negli allevamenti ittici costieri (di seguito, "farms"). Nel tentativo di colmare questa lacuna, nella presente tesi ho studiato per la prima volta la presenza e la tempistica dei delfini che visitano tre impianti di acquacoltura (indicate come F1, F2 e F3) nel Golfo di Corinto (Grecia) nell'arco di tre mesi (da inizio settembre a fine novembre 2021) e ho valutato le potenziali relazioni tra attività legate all’ allevamento ittico e presenza dei delfini. I dati sono stati raccolti da terra da due locazioni situati sopra i tre allevamenti di spigole e orate. I delfini che sono stati osservati durante ca. il 40% delle giornate, hanno mostrato variazioni significative della loro presenza tra i tre siti di allevamento, favorendo F2, probabilmente per fattori naturali e antropici che caratterizzano l’area. La presenza dei delfini ha mostrato variazioni giornaliere significative, con una frequenza maggiore durante il pomeriggio rispetto alla mattina e cambiamenti legati al mese (cioè una presenza maggiore in ottobre/novembre rispetto a settembre). I modelli multivariati hanno evidenziato che, nel complesso, gli avvistamenti e il numero di delfini erano più frequenti ed elevati quando si verificavano le pratiche dell’acquacoltura. Questo studio mette in evidenza il potenziale di un approccio di ricerca non invasivo ed economico per il monitoraggio dei delfini, che potrebbe essere facilmente replicato in diverse aree costiere e negli impianti di acquacoltura. Questa ricerca è importante anche per una migliore comprensione dell'ecologia dei tursiopi alla luce della progressiva espansione dell'acquacoltura nel Mar Mediterraneo.
Interazione tra impianti di acquacoltura e il tursiope Tursiops truncatus nel Golfo di Corinto, Grecia
ROSSI, VALENTINA
2020/2021
Abstract
Due to the expansion of fish farm cages in coastal waters of the Mediterranean Sea, several populations of common bottlenose dolphins ‘Tursiops truncatus’ come frequently in contact with these infrastructures. Some animals learned to take advantage of the new foraging opportunities provided by aquaculture facilities, where wild preys tend to be more concentrated and possibly easier to catch than in the surrounding environment. While this opportunistic behaviour is relatively well known, little information exists about the frequency and timing of feeding forays around coastal fish farms (hereafter, "farms"). As an attempt to bridge this gap, in the present thesis I investigated for the first time the occurrence and timing of dolphins visiting three aquaculture facilities (hereafter F1, F2 and F3) in the Gulf of Corinth (Greece) over three months (from the beginning of September to the end of November 2021) and I assessed the potential relationships between fish farm activities and dolphins’ sightings. Data were collected from two land-based vantage points situated above the three seabass and seabream farms. Dolphins which have been observed during ca. 40% of the days investigated, showed significant variations in their presence among the three farm sites, favouring F2, likely due to both natural and anthropogenic factors. Dolphins’ presence displayed significant daily variations, with higher occurrence during the afternoon than in the morning, and month-related changes (i.e. higher occurrence in October/November than in September). Multivariate models highlighted that, overall, sightings and number of dolphins were higher when farm activities occurred. This study emphasizes the potential of an inexpensive and non-invasive land-based research approach for dolphin monitoring, which could be easily replicated across coastal areas and aquaculture facilities. This research is also important for a better understanding of the ecology of the bottlenose dolphins in the light of the progressive expansion of the aquaculture sectors in the Mediterranean Sea.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/8925