Background The purpose of any public health intervention is to improve the health of citizens. This also goes through the improvement of the quality of the health service offered, on which affects the work motivation of healthcare professionals. There are many studies showing a correlation between types of motivation, subcategories of burnout and effects in health professionals: individuals with a higher autonomous motivation are more productive, more satisfied, healthier, in work contexts, and more likely to improve and update professionally. Therefore, the conditioning of the efficacy and effectiveness of the health care provided. Objective Evaluate the association between types of work motivation, occupational health and propensity to "Evidence Based Practice" of health professionals, present at the "Ospedali Riuniti" of Ancona, except for the category of Doctors and non-graduate health staff. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, recruiting 1849 healthcare professionals, between June 2019 and April 2020, and self-administering a validated and specially-made questionnaire. We constructed a linear regression to determine associations between work motivation (autonomous, intrinsic, integrated; controlled, introjected, external; demotivation) and 6 indicators of health at work: general health assessment, risk of depression, job exhaustion, job satisfaction, intent to leave the work unit and the profession within 2 years; and to determinate associations between motivations and 3 burnout subcategories: Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (DE), Professional Realization (RP), explored in low, medium, high level. On the other hand, the multiple logistic regression involved "Evidence Based Practice" and type of motivation; "Evidence Based Practice" and burnout level. Results and discussion 656 questionnaires were filled out validly, for a "response rate" of 35,48%. As autonomous and intrinsic motivation increased, better occupational health was perceived. Demotivation increased the intention to leave the work unit. Both demotivation and controlled motivation provoked two subclasses of work-related stress: EE and DE. Instead, those who were autonomous-motivated were less susceptible to such conditions; although, it reported more of a reduced RP. A high autonomous motivation prepared for continuous professional updating, contrary to those with high levels of EE and low RP. So, autonomous motivation contributes to better work well-being, both from the point of view of health indicators and burnout subcategories. This state contributes to a greater predisposition to the continuous development of the professional. Detecting rarely the association between high controlled motivation and poor work health means that the health professionals observed work for other reasons than simple remuneration, which is good, for the quality of their health and care provided. Limits The limitations relate to the monocentric study, the cross-sectional study, and the fact that the scores obtained by the questionnaire with the quality of care were not correlated. Conclusion The autonomous forms of work motivation are associated with better professional health, a low risk of burnout, and a higher predisposition to continuing training. Protection and prevention interventions will be needed to improve the autonomous motivation, to promote occupational well-being, to the benefit of the health of professionals and patients.
Introduzione La finalità di ogni intervento di sanità pubblica è il miglioramento della salute dei cittadini. Questo passa anche attraverso il miglioramento della qualità del servizio sanitario offerto, su cui incide anche la motivazione dei professionisti della salute. Esistono vari studi in cui si dimostra una correlazione tra varie tipologie di motivazione, sottocategorie di burnout ed effetti negli operatori sanitari: si pensa che individui con una più alta motivazione autonoma siano più produttivi, più soddisfatti, più in salute, nei contesti di lavoro, e più predisposti a migliorarsi ed aggiornarsi professionalmente. Di qui, il condizionamento dell’efficacia e dell’efficienza dell’assistenza sanitaria erogata. Obiettivo Valutare l’associazione tra tipi di motivazione al lavoro, salute occupazionale e propensione all’«Evidence Based Practice» dei professionisti sanitari, presenti presso gli “Ospedali Riuniti” di Ancona, ad eccezione della categoria dei Medici e del personale sanitario non laureato. Materiali e metodi È stato condotto uno studio “cross-sectional”, reclutando 1849 operatori sanitari, tra Giugno 2019 ed Aprile 2020, e auto-somministrando loro un questionario validato e costruito ad hoc. Sono state compiute come analisi statistiche una regressione lineare tra tipologie di motivazione (autonoma, intrinseca, integrata; controllata, introiettata, esterna; demotivazione) e 6 indicatori di salute sul lavoro: valutazione salute generale, rischio di depressione, esaurimento professionale, soddisfazione lavorativa, intento di lasciare l’Unità Operativa e la professione entro 2 anni; ed una tra motivazioni e 3 sottocategorie di burnout: Esaurimento Emotivo (EE), Depersonalizzazione (DE), Realizzazione Professionale (RP), esplorate nei livelli basso, medio, alto. Invece, la regressione logistica multipla ha riguardato «Evidence Based Practice» e tipo di motivazione; «Evidence Based Practice» e livello di burnout. Risultati e discussione Sono stati compilati in modo valido 656 questionari, per un “response rate” del 35,48%. All’aumentare della motivazione autonoma ed intrinseca, si percepiva una migliore salute. La demotivazione incrementava l’intenzione di abbandonare l’unità operativa. La demotivazione e la motivazione controllata insieme alimentavano due sottoclassi di stress lavoro-correlato: EE e DE. Invece, chi era motivato in senso autonomo era meno suscettibile a tali condizioni; anche se, riportava di più una ridotta RP. Un’alta motivazione autonoma predisponeva ad un continuo aggiornamento professionale, contrariamente a chi aveva alto livello di EE e di bassa RP. La motivazione autonoma contribuisce ad un migliore benessere occupazionale, sia dal punto di vista degli indicatori di salute, che delle sottocategorie di burnout. Tale stato in più contribuisce ad una maggiore predisposizione allo sviluppo continuo del professionista. Rilevare poco l’associazione tra alta motivazione controllata e scarsa salute lavorativa significa che gli operatori sanitari osservati lavorano per motivi altri rispetto alla semplice remunerazione, il che è un bene, per la qualità della loro salute e dell’assistenza erogata. Limiti I limiti riguardano il monocentrismo dello studio, il disegno trasversale, e il fatto che non si sono correlati i punteggi ottenuti dal questionario con la qualità delle cure. Conclusione Le forme autonome di motivazione al lavoro sono associate ad una migliore salute professionale, ad un basso rischio di burnout, e ad una più alta predisposizione alla formazione continua. Saranno necessari degli interventi di protezione e prevenzione volti al miglioramento della motivazione autonoma, per promuovere il benessere lavorativo, a vantaggio della salute dei professionisti e degli utenti del servizio sanitario.
La motivazione a lavoro degli operatori sanitari: uno studio cross-sectional.
COCO, ANGELA
2019/2020
Abstract
Background The purpose of any public health intervention is to improve the health of citizens. This also goes through the improvement of the quality of the health service offered, on which affects the work motivation of healthcare professionals. There are many studies showing a correlation between types of motivation, subcategories of burnout and effects in health professionals: individuals with a higher autonomous motivation are more productive, more satisfied, healthier, in work contexts, and more likely to improve and update professionally. Therefore, the conditioning of the efficacy and effectiveness of the health care provided. Objective Evaluate the association between types of work motivation, occupational health and propensity to "Evidence Based Practice" of health professionals, present at the "Ospedali Riuniti" of Ancona, except for the category of Doctors and non-graduate health staff. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, recruiting 1849 healthcare professionals, between June 2019 and April 2020, and self-administering a validated and specially-made questionnaire. We constructed a linear regression to determine associations between work motivation (autonomous, intrinsic, integrated; controlled, introjected, external; demotivation) and 6 indicators of health at work: general health assessment, risk of depression, job exhaustion, job satisfaction, intent to leave the work unit and the profession within 2 years; and to determinate associations between motivations and 3 burnout subcategories: Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (DE), Professional Realization (RP), explored in low, medium, high level. On the other hand, the multiple logistic regression involved "Evidence Based Practice" and type of motivation; "Evidence Based Practice" and burnout level. Results and discussion 656 questionnaires were filled out validly, for a "response rate" of 35,48%. As autonomous and intrinsic motivation increased, better occupational health was perceived. Demotivation increased the intention to leave the work unit. Both demotivation and controlled motivation provoked two subclasses of work-related stress: EE and DE. Instead, those who were autonomous-motivated were less susceptible to such conditions; although, it reported more of a reduced RP. A high autonomous motivation prepared for continuous professional updating, contrary to those with high levels of EE and low RP. So, autonomous motivation contributes to better work well-being, both from the point of view of health indicators and burnout subcategories. This state contributes to a greater predisposition to the continuous development of the professional. Detecting rarely the association between high controlled motivation and poor work health means that the health professionals observed work for other reasons than simple remuneration, which is good, for the quality of their health and care provided. Limits The limitations relate to the monocentric study, the cross-sectional study, and the fact that the scores obtained by the questionnaire with the quality of care were not correlated. Conclusion The autonomous forms of work motivation are associated with better professional health, a low risk of burnout, and a higher predisposition to continuing training. Protection and prevention interventions will be needed to improve the autonomous motivation, to promote occupational well-being, to the benefit of the health of professionals and patients.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12075/4573